基于森林资源规划设计调查数据的森林碳储量估算分析--以镇沅县为例

基于云南省普洱市镇沅县2016年第四轮森林资源规划设计调查数据,从不同森林类型、不同起源、不同龄组、优势树种、乡镇等方面,通过生物量扩展因子法,估算了镇沅县森林资源生物量、碳密度及碳储量。结果表明:第四轮森林资源规划设计调查中,镇沅县森林植被碳储量总量为1511.38×104 tC;不同森林类型中,阔叶林碳储量较针叶林高,占主导地位;不同起源中,天然林在森林植被碳储量中起到更大的作用;不同龄组中碳储量由高到低为中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、幼龄林、过熟林;优势树种(组)中,思茅松和栎类碳储量所占比例最大;各乡镇中,勐大镇碳储量最大,和平镇最小。     

Status of floor vegetation under some monoculture and mixculture plantations in North India

A study conducted to assess the floor vegetation shows the presence of 17 species underPopulus deltoides in comparison to 28, 29 and 35 underAlbizia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo and mix-culture plantations, respectively. Further, the biomass and density of floor vegetation is considerably reduced underP. deltoides compared to other plantations. In addition, the indices for species richness, evenness, dominance and diversity are also reduced underP. deltoides showing some inhibitory mechanism being operative under these plantations. Based on available literature, allelopathy is speculated to be responsible for this reduction.     

Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA: 2. Competition for water

A study was carried out in an alley cropping system in the Eastern Maize Belt of the United States with the objective of quantifying the competition for water between trees (black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Spatial and temporal variation in soil moisture, tree and maize rooting patterns, tree and maize water uptake, and maize leaf area expansion were determined in three treatments; barrier (polyethylene root barriers separating maize and tree roots), trench (trenching without a polyethylene barrier), and no barrier (control). Significant temporal variation in soil moisture was observed in both black walnut and red oak alley cropping systems. The barrier and trench treatments resulted in higher soil moisture in the maize alley and lower soil moisture in the tree row than the no barrier treatment. Uptake of water by maize was higher in the barrier than the no barrier treatment. However, tree water uptake was higher in the no barrier treatment than in the barrier treatment because tree roots utilized water from the maize alley. Maize leaf area was negatively impacted by water stress in the no barrier treatment. Quantification of rooting patterns revealed that maize and tree roots were concentrated in the top 30 cm soil layer where water fluctuations were greatest. The barrier and trench treatments successfully eliminated the belowground root competition between trees and maize and resulted in greater leaf area and higher grain yields than the no barrier treatment. Thus, competition for water rather than competition for light seems to be critical in defining the productivity and sustainability of this alley cropping system.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新沂市农田林网杨树生物量的空间结构

本文采用分层切割法和壕沟全挖法对江苏省新沂市农田林网中，４年生主要的杨树无性系（Ｗ－４６杨，Ｉ－６９杨，ＮＬ－８０１０５杨和ＮＬ－８０２０５杨）的地上部分生物量以及根系生物量进行了测定和分析。结果表明，ＮＬ－８０２０５杨不仅平均单株的生物量最大，而且树干的形质优良。因此，在平原农田林网的经营中，选择ＮＬ－８０２０５杨，既可以提高营林的收益，又能够增强林网的防护效果。     

Tree size dependence of litter production, and above-ground net production in a young Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

The study was carried out in a 9-year-old hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.), stand over a span of three years from July 1992 to June 1995, primarily to predict litter production from exteral tree dimensions by combining open-top clothtrap and clipping methods. Litter production was virtually concentrated in October and November. Stem cross-sectional area at the crown base was proved to be the reliable predictor of litter production, and that single regression model was evolved irrespective of year. The regression model had proportional constants of 2.696 × 10⁻² and 3.540 × 10⁻² kg cm⁻² year⁻¹ for leaf litter and total litter production, respectively. Utilizing the model, leaf litter production of the stand was assessed to be 5.04, 5.12, and 4.99, and total litter production to be 6.48, 6.58, and 6.40 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the first, second and third year, respectively. Biomass increment was 6.67, 7.80, and 7.70, tree mortality was 0.15, 0.13, and 0.41, and insect grazing was 0.09, 0.05, and 0.002 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the first, second and third year, respectively. Above-groud net production was therefore 13.39, 14.55, and 14.51, Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and biomass accumulation ratio (biomass/net production) was 1.86, 2.21, and 2.76 year for the first, second and third year, respectively. Considering data from earlier studies and the results of this study, biomass accumulation ratio,BAR (year), of hinoki stands was best related to above-ground biomass,y (Mg ha⁻¹), using the power function:BAR=0.112y ^0.936. Excluding seedling stands, leaf efficiency (above-ground net production per unit leaf mass) of hinoki stands was 0.91±0.02 (SE) Mg Mg⁻¹ year⁻¹, irrespective of stand biomass or age.     

中低强度间伐对杆材阶段马尾松林生物量的影响

对杆材阶段不同密度的马尾松林在低强度间伐后生物量的动态变化进行了分析对比，结果表明间伐后平均木的单株生物量和各器官生物量随密度增加而减少；随林分年龄的增加，单株生物量与树干、皮、根的生物量因积累而增大，但枝、叶的生物量先增加后减少，在林分年龄为20a时达到最大值，随后又接近间伐前的数值；林分生物量随年龄增加而增加，其中密度为3000株     

阔叶红松林主要树种幼树对干旱胁迫的响应

以组成我国北方典型阔叶红松林森林生态系统的主要树种水曲柳、红松、蒙古栎、紫椴和核桃楸为研究对象,模拟不同土壤水分变化对树木生物量、光合特征和水分利用率的影响,分析我国北方典型森林生态系统对未来气候干旱化的响应及适应机制,提出北方典型森林生态系统对未来气候变暖引起的对干旱化的响应与适应对策。     

生物质基光学材料研究进展

近年来由于不可再生资源的日益枯竭,以及全球能源危机等问题,生物质资源的研究和利用受到人们的广泛关注。以往材料的制备与合成往往以石油及其衍生物为原料,过程繁琐、成本高昂、原料不可再生,且对生态环境造成了不可逆转的破坏,而生物质基材料因绿色、可再生、环境友好等,其设计与构筑已成为基础科技研究的前沿与热点。在过去的研究中,国内外学者以相关生物质为基础构筑“基石”,利用其本征结构及特性原位合成或与异质单元复合,构筑了大量的功能光学材料。功能光学材料的应用领域包括但不限于催化、光动能转换、生物成像、光电器件、海水淡化、信息防伪等。笔者对生物质基光学功能性材料方面的代表性成果进行梳理与总结,主要包括林木芳香生物质荧光材料、多糖生物质荧光材料、林木生物质光热材料、纳米纤维素光子晶体材料、生物质基光热材料,以及以上材料在食品检测、生物成像、加密打印、发光器件、光 热 动能转换领域中的应用,并且对该领域内存在的问题及未来发展方向作了展望。     

不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳含量均随着土层深度加深而递减。水溶性碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳占总有机碳的比率分别波动在 0 31%～ 1 18%、0 90 %～ 2 5 1%和 7 0 3%～ 2 9 5 2 %之间 ,其中 ,土壤水溶性碳占总有机碳比率为马尾松林 >常绿阔叶林 >人工杉木林 ,易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率常绿阔叶林明显高于马尾松林和杉木林。不同土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率随剖面从上到下均表明出上升趋势 ,而易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率随剖面加深有规律地下降。土壤有机碳总量与各活性碳之间以及各类活性碳之间相关性均达到极显著水平。     

3种沙漠植物地上部分形结构与生物量的自相似性

应用自相似原理,分别研究极干旱地区塔克拉玛干腹地和吐鲁番盆地地下水浇灌区柽柳、梭梭和沙拐枣植株的地上分形结构与各自地上部生物量的关系.通过分析3种植物的枝长、冠幅和体积与地上部生物量之间的统计自相似性,发现在统计拟合精度上自相似模型不如BP神经网络模型,但分析植株生长的地域性差异时,缺少像分形维数这样的定量化描述.